Tectonica plăcilor

Plăcile tectonice

Tectonica plăcilor (cunoscută și sub denumirea de tectonică globală) este o teorie modernă a științelor geologice privind procesele tectonice din litosferă (scoarța Pământului), constituind parte a teoriei dinamicii endogene terestre. Teoria dinamicii endogene a Pământului studiază și explică dinamica scoarței terestre: cauza cutremurelor, geneza vulcanilor, formarea continentelor și a bazinelor oceanice, și deriva continentelor determinate de forțele interne terestre. Există 6 plăci tectonice majore.

Bibliografie

• Butler, Robert F. (1992). „Applications to paleogeography” (PDF). Paleomagnetism: Magnetic domains to geologic terranes. Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-86542-070-0. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 17 august 2010. Accesat în 18 iunie 2010. 
• Carey, S.W. (1958). „The tectonic approach to continental drift”. În Carey, S.W. Continental Drift – A symposium, held in March 1956. Hobart: Univ. of Tasmania. pp. 177–363.  Expanding Earth from pp. 311–49.
• Condie, K.C. (1997). Plate tectonics and crustal evolution (ed. 4th). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-7506-3386-4. Accesat în 18 iunie 2010. 
• Foulger, Gillian R. (2010). Plates vs Plumes: A Geological Controversy. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-6148-0. 
• Frankel, H. (1987). „The Continental Drift Debate”. În H.T. Engelhardt Jr; A.L. Caplan. Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27560-6. 
• Hancock, Paul L.; Skinner, Brian J.; Dineley, David L. (2000). The Oxford Companion to The Earth. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854039-7. 
• Hess, H.H. (noiembrie 1962). „History of Ocean Basins” (PDF). În A.E.J. Engel; Harold L. James; B.F. Leonard. Petrologic studies: a volume to honor of A.F. Buddington. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America. pp. 599–620. 
• Holmes, Arthur (1978). Principles of Physical Geology (ed. 3). Wiley. pp. 640–41. ISBN 978-0-471-07251-5. 
• Joly, John (1909). Radioactivity and Geology: An Account of the Influence of Radioactive Energy on Terrestrial History. Journal of Geology. 18. London: Archibald Constable. p. 36. Bibcode:1910JG.....18..568J. doi:10.1086/621777. ISBN 978-1-4021-3577-4. 
• Kious, W. Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (februarie 2001) [1996]. „Historical perspective”. This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics (ed. Online). U.S. Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Accesat în 29 ianuarie 2008. Abraham Ortelius in his work Thesaurus Geographicus... suggested that the Americas were 'torn away from Europe and Africa... by earthquakes and floods... The vestiges of the rupture reveal themselves, if someone brings forward a map of the world and considers carefully the coasts of the three [continents].' 
• Lippsett, Laurence (2006). „Maurice Ewing and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory”. În William Theodore De Bary; Jerry Kisslinger; Tom Mathewson. Living Legacies at Columbia. Columbia University Press. pp. 277–97. ISBN 978-0-231-13884-0. Accesat în 22 iunie 2010. 
• Little, W.; Fowler, H.W.; Coulson, J. (1990). Onions C.T., ed. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary: on historical principles. II (ed. 3). Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861126-4. 
• Lliboutry, L. (2000). Quantitative geophysics and geology. Eos Transactions. 82. Springer. p. 480. Bibcode:2001EOSTr..82..249W. doi:10.1029/01EO00142. ISBN 978-1-85233-115-3. Accesat în 18 iunie 2010. 
• McKnight, Tom (2004). Geographica: The complete illustrated Atlas of the world. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-5974-5. 
• Meissner, Rolf (2002). The Little Book of Planet Earth. New York: Copernicus Books. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-387-95258-1. 
• Meyerhoff, Arthur Augustus; Taner, I.; Morris, A.E.L.; Agocs, W.B.; Kamen-Kaye, M.; Bhat, Mohammad I.; Smoot, N. Christian; Choi, Dong R. (1996). Donna Meyerhoff Hull, ed. Surge tectonics: a new hypothesis of global geodynamics. Solid Earth Sciences Library. 9. Springer Netherlands. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-7923-4156-7. 
• Moss, S.J.; Wilson, M.E.J. (1998). „Biogeographic implications from the Tertiary palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo” (PDF). În Hall R; Holloway JD. Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia. Leiden, The Netherlands: Backhuys. pp. 133–63. ISBN 978-90-73348-97-4. 
• Oreskes, Naomi, ed. (2003). Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth. Westview. ISBN 978-0-8133-4132-3. 
• Read, Herbert Harold; Watson, Janet (1975). Introduction to Geology. New York: Halsted. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-0-470-71165-1. OCLC 317775677. 
• Schmidt, Victor A.; Harbert, William (1998). „The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics”. Planet Earth and the New Geosciences (ed. 3). p. 442. ISBN 978-0-7872-4296-1. Arhivat din original în 24 ianuarie 2010. Accesat în 28 ianuarie 2008. Mentenanță CS1: BOT: statut necunoscut la original-url (link)
• Schubert, Gerald; Turcotte, Donald L.; Olson, Peter (2001). Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35367-0. 
• Stanley, Steven M. (1999). Earth System History. W.H. Freeman. pp. 211–28. ISBN 978-0-7167-2882-5. 
• Stein, Seth; Wysession, Michael (2009). An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1131-0. 
• Sverdrup, H.U., Johnson, M.W. and Fleming, R.H. (1942). The Oceans: Their physics, chemistry and general biology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. p. 1087. Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)
• Thompson, Graham R. & Turk, Jonathan (1991). Modern Physical Geology. Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 978-0-03-025398-0. 
• Torsvik, Trond Helge; Steinberger, Bernhard (decembrie 2006). „Fra kontinentaldrift til manteldynamikk” [From Continental Drift to Mantle Dynamics]. Geo (în Norwegian). 8: 20–30. Arhivat din original la 23 iulie 2011. Accesat în 22 iunie 2010. Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută (link) , translation: Torsvik, Trond Helge; Steinberger, Bernhard (2008). „From Continental Drift to Mantle Dynamics” (PDF). În Trond Slagstad; Rolv Dahl Gråsteinen. Geology for Society for 150 years – The Legacy after Kjerulf. 12. Trondheim: Norges Geologiske Undersokelse. pp. 24–38. Arhivat din original (PDF) la  [Norwegian Geological Survey, Popular Science]. 
• Turcotte, D.L.; Schubert, G. (2002). „Plate Tectonics”. Geodynamics (ed. 2). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–21. ISBN 978-0-521-66186-7. 
• Wegener, Alfred (1929). Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane (ed. 4). Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn Akt. Ges. ISBN 978-3-443-01056-0. 
• Wegener, Alfred (1966). The origin of continents and oceans. Biram John (translator). Courier Dover. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-486-61708-4. 
• Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: 27 august 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-621285-2. 

Legături externe

• This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. USGS.
• Understanding Plate Tectonics Arhivat în 7 februarie 2006, la Wayback Machine.. USGS.
• An explanation of tectonic forces. Example of calculations to show that Earth Rotation could be a driving force.
• Bird, P. (2003); An updated digital model of plate boundaries.
• Map of tectonic plates Arhivat în 12 ianuarie 2017, la Wayback Machine..
• MORVEL plate velocity estimates and information. C. DeMets, D. Argus, & R. Gordon.
• Plate Tectonics pe In Our Time la BBC.

Video

• Khan Academy: Explanation of evidence
• 750 million years of global tectonic activity. Movie.
• Multiple videos of plate tectonic movements Quartz 31 decembrie 2015