Listă a celor mai lungi tuneluri rutiere din lume
Această pagină prezintă o listă cu cele mai lungi tuneluri rutiere din lume.
Cele mai lungi tunele rutiere în uz
[modificare | modificare sursă]| Nume | Localizare | Lungime în km | Anul finalizării | Tuburi | Traseu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tunelul Laerdal |  Norvegia(Lærdal - Aurland) |
24,51 km (15,2 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E16 |
| Yamate Tunnel |  Japonia (Tokyo)
|
18,20 km (11,3 mi) | 2015 | 2 | C2, Shuto Expressway |
| Zhongnanshan Tunnel |  China (Shaanxi)
|
18,04 km (11,2 mi) | 2007 | 2 | G65 Baotou–Maoming Expresswayy |
| Jinpingshan Tunnel[1][2] | China (Sichuan)
|
17,54 km (10,9 mi)[a] | 2011 | 2 | între localitățile Jinping-I și Jinping-II Hydropower Station |
| St. Gotthard |  Elveția(Uri - Ticino) |
16.918 km (10.512,4 mi) | 1980 | 1 | A2/E35 |
| Tiantaishan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi)
|
15,56 km (9,7 mi) | 2021 | 2 | G85 Yinchuan–Kunming Expressway |
| Tunelul Ryfylke | Norvegia
|
14.459 km (8.984,4 mi) | 2019 | 2 | 13 |
| Mount Ovit Tunnel |  Turcia(İkizdere - İspir) |
14.346 km (8.914,2 mi) | 2018[3] | 2 | D.925 |
| Arlberg |  Austria(Vorarlberg - Tirol) |
13.972 km (8.681,8 mi) | 1978 | 1 | S16/E60 |
| Micangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan)
|
13.833 km (8.595,4 mi)[b] | 2018 | 2 | G85 Yinchuan–Kunming Expresswayy |
| Xishan Tunnel chineză: 西山隧道 (太原市) |
China (Shanxi)
|
13.654 km (8.484,2 mi)[c] | 2012 | 2 | S56 Shanxi Taiyuan-Gujiao Expressway |
| Erlangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan)
|
13.433 km (8.346,9 mi)[d] | 2017 | 2 | G4218 Ya'an-Yecheng Expresswayy |
| Shiziping Tunnel | China (Sichuan)
|
13.156 km (8.174,8 mi) | 2020[4] | 2 | G4217 Chengdu-Changdu Expressway |
| Hongtiguan Tunnel | China (Shanxi)
|
13.122 km (8.153,6 mi)[5][e] | 2013 [6] | 2 | S76 Shanxi Changzhi-Pingshun Expressway |
| Hsuehshan | Taiwan | 12.942 km (8.041,8 mi) | 2006 | 2 | 5 |
| Fréjus | Franța - Italia | 12.895 km (8.012,6 mi) | 1980 | 1 | E70 |
| KPE & MCE Expressway Tunnel[f] |  Singapore
|
12,46 km (7,7 mi) | 2013 | 1[g] | KPE and MCE |
| Maijishan Tunnel | China (Gansu)
|
12,29 km (7,6 mi)[h] | 2009 | 2 | G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway |
| East Tianshan Tunnel | China (Xinjiang)
|
11.775 km (7.316,6 mi)[i] | 2021 | 2 | China National Highway G575 |
| Tunelul Mont Blanc | Franța - Italia (Alpi) | 11.611 km (7.214,7 mi) | 1965 | 1 | E25 |
| Laoying Tunnel | China (Yunnan)
|
11.515 km (7.155,1 mi)[j] | 2021 | 2 | G5613 Baoshan-Lushui Expressway |
| Gudvangen | Norvegia (Gudvangen - Flåm)
|
11.428 km (7.101,0 mi) | 1991 | 1 | E16 |
| Yunshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi)
|
11.408 km (7.088,6 mi)[k] | 2014 | 2 | G2516 Dongyin-Luliang Expressway |
| Eysturoyartunnilin | Insulele Feroe | 11.240 km (6.984,2 mi)[l] | 2020 | 1[m] | |
| Baojiashan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi)
|
11.200 km (6.959,4 mi)[n] | 2009 [7] | 2 | G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway |
| Folgefonna | Norvegia (Odda - Eitrheim) |
11,15 km (6,9 mi) | 2001 | 1 | 49 |
| Kan-Etsu Tunnel | Japonia (Gunma - Niigata) |
11.055 km (6.869,3 mi)[o] | 1985[p] | 2 | Kan-Etsu Expressway |
| Inje-Yangyang Tunnel |  Coreea de SudGangwon-do) |
10.962 km (6.85 mi)[q] | 2017 | 2 | Seoul–Yangyang Expressway |
| Taihu | China (Jiangsu - Wuxi) |
10,79 km (6,7 mi) | 2021 | 2 | Shanghai-Jiangsu Expressway |
| Hida | Japonia (Gifu)
|
10,71 km (6,7 mi) | 2008 | 1 | Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway |
| Toven Tunnel[8] | Norvegia
|
10.655 km (6.620,7 mi) | 2014 | 1 | 78 |
| Baotashan Tunnel[9] | China (Shanxi)
|
10.480 km (6.511,970 mi)[r] | 2012 [10] | 2 | G2516 Dongyin-Luliang Expressway |
| Gran Sasso d'Italia |  Italia (Abruzzo)
|
10.176 km (6.323,1 mi)[s] | 1984[t] | 2 | A24 |
| Plabutsch Tunnel | Austria
|
10.085 km (6.266,5 mi)[u] | 1987[v] | 2 | A9/E57 |
| Jondal Tunnel | Norvegia (Mauranger - Jondal)
|
10,05 km (6,2 mi) | 2012 | 1 | 49 |
| Nibashan Tunnel[w] | China (Sichuan)
|
10.007 km (6.218,1 mi)[x] | 2012[11] | 2 | G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway |
| Túneles de la M-30 |  Spania (Madrid)
|
9.9 km (6.2 mi) | 2007 | 2[y] | A-5, M-30 |
| Guanshan | China (Gansu)
|
9.651 km (5.996,9 mi)[z] | 2021 | 2 | G8513 Pingliang-Mianyang Expressway |
| Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line | Japonia (Tokyo Bay) |
9.576 km (5.950,3 mi)[aa] | 1997 | 2 | 409 |
| Mælefjell Tunnel (Seljord-Hjartdal) |
Norvegia
|
9.355 km (5.812,9 mi) | 2019[12] | 1 | E134 |
| Tunelul Lyshorn | Norvegia
|
9,3 km (5,8 mi) | 2022 | 2 | E39 |
| Seelisberg | Elveția
|
9.292 km (5.773,8 mi) | 1980 | 2 | A2/E35 |
| Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee |  India(Jammu & Kashmir) |
9,28 km (5,8 mi) | 2017[13] | 2 | NH44 |
| Laojieling Tunnel | China (Henan)
|
9.183 km (5.706 mi) | 2021 | 2 | Zhengzhou-Luanchuan Expressway |
| Vestfjarðagöng |  Islanda(Ísafjörður) |
9,12 km (5,7 mi) | 1995 | 1[ab] | Vestfjarðavegur |
| Atal Tunnel | India (Himachal Pradesh) |
9,02 km (5,6 mi) | 2020[14] | 1 | Leh–Manali Highway |
| NorthConnex |  Australia(Sydney) |
9,0 km (5,6 mi) | 2020 | 2 | M1 to M2 link |
| Kurigo Tunnel / 栗子トンネル | Japonia
|
8.972 km (5.574,9 mi) | 2017 | 1 | Tohoku Central Expressway |
| Tunelul fluviului Yangtze Shanghai | China (Shanghai)
|
8,95 km (5,6 mi)) | 2009 [15] | 2 | G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway |
| Tunnelul Karmøy | Norvegia
|
8,9 km (5,5 mi) | 2013 | 1 | 553 |
| Baoding #2 Tunnel | China (Sichuan)
|
8.775 km (5.453 mi) | 2020 | 2 | Panzhihua-Dali Expressway |
| Variante di Valico | Italia
|
8.703 (5.4) | 2015[16] | 2 | Autostrada A1 |
| Huangzhushan Tunnel | China (Fujian)
|
8.668 km (5.386,0 mi)[ac] | 2015 | 2 | G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway |
| La Línea |  Columbia
|
8.652 km (5.376,1 mi) | 2020[17] | 1 | National Route 40 |
| Tunnelul Enasan | Japonia (Alpii Japonezi)
|
8.646 km (5.372,4 mi) | 1975[ad] | 2 | Chūō Expressway |
| Tunelul rutier Somport | Franța - Spania (Pirinei) | 8.608 km (5.348,8 mi) | 2003 | 1 | E07 |
| Korgfjellet | Norvegia
|
8.568 km (5.323,9 mi) | 2005 | 1 | E6 |
| Tianheshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi-Hebei)
|
8.511 km (5.288,5 mi)[ae] | 2015 | 2 | G2516 Dongyin-Luliang Expressway |
| Lowari Tunnel |  Pakistan
|
8,5 km (5,3 mi)) | 2017[18] | 2 | Dir-Chitral Road, N45 |
| Cuiyunshan Tunnel | China (Hebei)
|
8,42 km (5,23 mi) | 2021 | 2 | S3801 Beijing-Chongli Expressway |
| Gleinalm Tunnel | Australia
|
8,32 km (5,2 mi) | 1978 | 1 | A9/E57 |
| Tunel de Oriente | Columbia
|
8.229 km (5.1 mi) | 2019 | 2 | Medellin-Airport |
| Tunelul Steigen | Norvegia
|
8.079 km (5.020,1 mi) | 1990 | 1 | 835 |
| Jaeyaksan Tunnel | Coreea de Sud
|
7.982 km (4.959,8 mi) | 2020 | 2 | Hamyang-Ulsan Expressway / 함양울산고속도로 |
| Sant' Antonio Morignone | 7,96 km (4,9 mi) | 2000 | 38 | ||
| Tunelul Bømlafjord | Norvegia
|
7.931 km (4.928,1 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E39 |
| Tunelul Rennsteig |  Germania
|
7.916 km (4.918,8 mi) | 2003 | 2 | A71 (Germania) |
| Tunelul Karawanken | Austria - Slovenia | 7.864 km (4.886,5 mi) | 1991 | 1 | E61 |
| Eiksund | Norvegia
|
7.765 km (4.824,9 mi) | 2008 | 1 | 653 |
| Tunelul Svartisen | Norvegia
|
7.615 km (4.731,7 mi) | 1987 | 1 | 17 |
| Tunelul Høyanger | Norvegia
|
7.543 km (4.687,0 mi) | 1982 | 1 | 55 |
| Norðfjarðargöng | Islanda
|
7.542 km (4.686,4 mi) | 2017 | ||
| Tunelul Vallavik | Norvegia
|
7,51 km (4,7 mi) | 1985 | 1 | 13 |
| Oppdølstrandtunnelen | Norvegia
|
7,43 km (4,6 mi) | 2014 | 1 | 70 |
| Åkrafjord | Norvegia
|
7,4 km (4,6 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E134 |
| Vaðlaheiðargöng | Islanda
|
7,4 km (4,6 mi) | 2018 | ||
| Oslofjord | Norvegia
|
7,39 km (4,6 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E134 |
| Tunelul Landeck | Austria
|
6.955 km (4.321,6 mi) | 2000 | 1 | 180 |
| Tunelul Nordkapp | Norvegia
|
6.875 km (4.271,9 mi) | 1999 | 1 | E69 |
| Maurice Lemaire |  Franța
|
6.872 km (4.270,1 mi) | 1976[af] | 1 | N59 |
| San Bernardino | Elveția
|
6.596 km (4.098,6 mi) | 1967 | 1 | A13/E43 |
| Tunelul rutier Tauern | Austria
|
6.401 km (3.977,4 mi)[ag] | 1975 2011 |
2 | A10/E55 |
Vezi și
[modificare | modificare sursă]Note
[modificare | modificare sursă]- ^ 17.540 km + 17.485 km
- ^ left tube 13,833 m, right tube 13,792 m
- ^ Left tube 13,654 m; Right tube13,570 m
- ^ left tube 13,433 m, right tube 13,381 m
- ^ left tube 13,122 m, right tube: 13,098 m
- ^ Tunnel section of KPE (8.13 km) and MCE (4.33 km) are contiguous, hence classified as one tunnel
- ^ Dual carriageway 12 Lanes of traffic (maximum width: 70m) with each direction separated only by a full-height wall, thus considered to be one tube
- ^ 12.290 km + 12.286 km
- ^ left tube: 11,764m, right tube: 11,775m
- ^ Left tube: 11,475m, Right tube: 11,520m, 1266m deep
- ^ left tube 11,408 m, right tube: 11,377 m
- ^ segments 7,5 km (4,7 mi), 2,2 km (1,4 mi) and 1,7 km (1,1 mi)
- ^ forked with roundabout and 3 segments
- ^ left tube 11,200m, right tube 11,195 m
- ^ the older tube 10,926 m
- ^ second tube opened in 1991
- ^ 10.965 km (Seoul bound, 10.962 km (Yangyang Bound)
- ^ left tube 10,192 m, right tube 10,480 m
- ^ the newer tube 10,173 m)
- ^ second tube opened in 1995
- ^ the older tube 9,755 m, the newer tube 10,085 m)
- ^ second tube opened in 2004
- ^ previous name is Daxiangling Tunnel
- ^ 10.007 km + 9.962 km
- ^ longest underground branch: W-E direction tube (Avenida de Portugal, M-30, Bypass sur)
- ^ left tube: 9,585m, right tube: 9,651m
- ^ two subsea tubes (second 9,583 m)
- ^ 3 branches connecting in a Y-junction inside the tunnel
- ^ left tube 8,668 m, right tube 8,631 m
- ^ second tube opened in 1985
- ^ left tube 8,511 m, right tube 8,477 m
- ^ în 1976 deschis ca tunel rutier, în 1937 inițial deschis ca tunel feroviar
- ^ the newer tube 6,392 m
Referințe
[modificare | modificare sursă]- ^ Shougen Chen (). „Journal of Modern Transportation: Key technologies for construction of Jinping traffic tunnel with an extremely deep overburden and a high water pressure”. Journal of Modern Transportation. 19 (2): 94–103. doi:10.1007/BF03325746
.
- ^ 锦屏水电枢纽工程锦屏山隧道 (în chineză). Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „Son dakika... Ovit Tüneli hizmete girdi”.
- ^ „狮子坪隧道可跑了！今天中午12点，汶马高速通车！ - 川观新闻”. cbgc.scol.com.cn (în chineză). Accesat în .
- ^ [1] [nefuncțională]
- ^ „[山西]长平高速公路正式运营”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „西康高速全线贯通 陕西提前两年实现市市通高速 - 新闻频道 - 西部网（陕西新闻网）WWW.CNWEST.COM”. News.cnwest.com. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „Toven tunnel holing imminent - tunnelbuilder.com News”. Tunnelbuilder.com. . Accesat în .
- ^ „Wegenwiki: Baotashan Tunnel”. Accesat în .
- ^ „山西省交通运输厅”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „雅西高速公路大相岭泥巴山隧道双向贯通-新闻频道-雅安北纬网”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „Mælefjelltunnelen er åpnet”. .
- ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (). „Swap terrorism for tourism, Modi tells Kashmiri youth”. The Hindu.
- ^ News, Indian Defence. „9-km-long Atal Tunnel an engineering marvel”. Indian Defense News, Indian Armed Forces, IDRW, Defence. Accesat în .
- ^ „上海长江隧桥通车_新浪上海_新浪网”. Sh.sina.com.cn. . Accesat în .
- ^ „Aperta la Variante di valico sull'A1 - Toscana - il Tirreno”. .
- ^ https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/09/04/world/americas/04reuters-colombia-tunnel.html Format:Bare URL inline
- ^ „Sharif to inaugurate Lowari tunnel today”. .
